Lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag pov tseg tau teeb tsa kom nce ntau dua 4000 feem pua hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej.Puas yog lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag rov ua dua tshiab kev lag luam npaj los daws cov ntim no?Nrog rau kev thov rau cov panels tshiab nce exponentially thiab raw cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus, kev sib tw yog nyob rau.
Hnub ci vaj huam sib luagrecycling yog qhov nyuaj tiag tiag.Qhov tseem ceeb rau UK lub tswv yim xoom xoom, lub hnub ci zog yog qhov kev xaiv ntev thiab ruaj khov rau kev lag luam thiab tsev neeg, thiab nws loj hlob sai.
Xyoo 2021, Tebchaws Askiv tau ntxiv 730MW ntawm lub hnub ci tshiab, siv tag nrho ntim rau 14.6GW, nce 5.3 feem pua los ntawm 2020, thiab - nyob rau lub quarter thib ob ntawm 2022 - hnub ci zog tau pab 6.4 feem pua ntawm UK cov khoom tsim hluav taws xob tag nrho.Tsis pub dhau lub Plaub Hlis Lub Zog Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam, Lub Zog thiab Kev Lag Luam (BEIS) tau lees paub tias, los ntawm 2035, UK lub hnub ci xa tawm xav tias yuav nce tsib npaug, noj tag nrho ntim rau 70GW: nyob ib ncig ntawm 15 feem pua ntawm UK cov phiaj xwm. (thiab nce) hluav taws xob xav tau, raws li McKinsey.
Ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim yog yuav ua li cas txog hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thaum lawv mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lawv lub neej 30 xyoo.Raws li kev lag luam kev loj hlob txuas ntxiv mus rau yav tom ntej, yog li yuav ua rau lub hnub ci khib nyiab tawg.Raws li International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), UK tau kwv yees tias yuav tsim 30,000 tonnes ntawm hnub ci pov tseg hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej.Ntxiv rau, qhov kev nce siab hauv cov vaj huam sib luag tsis raug kwv yees yuav ntaus lub lag luam hauv 2030s, thaumhnub ci vaj huam sib luaglos ntawm lub xyoo txhiab pib falter.IRENA kwv yees ntiaj teb pov tseg los ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1.7 lab thiab yim lab tonnes hauv 2030.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog hauv kev muab cov khoom siv raw looms, nrog rau kev thov rau panels teem kom dhau qhov muaj cov khoom nkauj xwb.
Kev kub siab yog lub tsev rau lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag rov ua lag luam kom nws muaj peev xwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nce ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag tsis raug thiab txhawb kev tsim cov hnub ci tshiab.Thaum Lub Xya Hli, Sam Vanderhoof, tus kws tshaj lij kev lag luam hnub ci, tau tawm tswv yim tias - thoob ntiaj teb - tsuas yog ib ntawm kaum lub photovoltaic (PV) vaj huam sib luag tau rov ua dua nrog rau qhov seem xaus rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg, rov xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm IRENA.
Kev cai & ua raws
Hauv UK,Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tau raug cais raws liHluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xobKhoom siv(EEE), nyob rau hauv qeb siab 14. Yog li ntawd, PV panels raug them los ntawm Cov Cai Pov Hwm EEE (WEEE);lawv qhov kawg ntawm lub neej raug saib xyuas thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv hnub ci vaj huam sib luag rov ua dua tshiab tau pib ua haujlwm.
Cov neeg tsim khoom siv hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum koom nrog Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Raws Cai (PCS), tshaj tawm cov tonnages qhia rau hauv kev ua lag luam thiab tau txais daim ntawv ua raws cai los npog cov kev rov ua dua yav tom ntej ntawm cov chav nyob.Lawv kuj yuav tsum tau kos cov khoom los qhia cov neeg siv thiab cov chaw kho mob ntawm cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab muab pov tseg kom raug.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, distributors yuav tsum sau cov khoom kawg ntawm lub neej.Lawv yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem nqa rov qab rau PV pov tseg lossis pab txhawb rau txoj kev pom zoo los ntawm tsoomfwv.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Scott Butler, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Khoom Taw Qhia, ib qho NGO tau txais nyiaj los ntawm WEEE cov nqi ua raws, muaj qee qhov kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev rov qab los ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag: "Nrog PV koj xav tias yuav muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm installer / deinstaller rau tsev neeg.Txawm hais tias nws yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev, nws tsis yog ib yam uas ntau tus neeg yuav tuaj yeem ua tau lawv tus kheej.
"Kuv xav tias qhov kev tshem tawm yuav tsum koom nrog ib tus kws tshaj lij rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ...Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem nyuaj vim tias lawv tsis tau npaj los daws cov khib nyiab, nws tsis nyuaj heev los ua cov khoom pov tseg. "
Butler sau tseg tias hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tam sim no mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lub neej yuav ua pov thawj nyuaj rau kev rov ua dua tshiab vim qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim khoom: "Hais txog kev rov ua dua tshiab, kuv xav tias qhov kev sib tw nrog PVs yuav nkag siab txog chemistry vim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum pib, muaj ntau ntau yam tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke mus.Cov khoom uas yuav pib tawm tam sim no yog qhov qub, 20 xyoo yog lub voj voog ntev heev.Yog li tej zaum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tej zaum yuav tsum tau txuas nrog rau leej twg tso dab tsi hauv khw thiab nws yog dab tsi. "
Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab
Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab rau cov vaj huam sib luag sib txawv raws li lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag muaj pes tsawg leeg, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv silicon.Paub txog lawv txoj kev pheej yig thiab yooj yim, silicon hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tsim muaj 73.3 feem pua ntawm kev ua lag luam xyoo 2020;nyias zaj duab xis suav txog 10.4 ib xees thiab cov vaj huam sib luag tsim los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv (dye-sensitised, concentrated photovoltaic, organic hybrids) sawv cev rau qhov seem 16.3 feem pua (Chowdhury li al, 2020).
Thaum sau, ib yamPV vaj huam sib luagyog qhov nyuaj rau disassemble.Aluminium ncej thiab lub thawv sib txuas tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yooj yim txaus;Qhov nyuaj yog cov ntawv laminated tiaj tus iav, uas muaj cov hlau tsis muaj ferrous thiab non-ferrous, plastics thiab semiconductor khoom.Hais txog kev kho cov kev daws teeb meem, qhov kev sib tw tsis yog ib qho txuj ci, raws li pyrolysis, kev sib cais cryogenic (khov), thiab cov tshuab shredding muaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib cais rau cov khoom sib txawv.Qhov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws yog PV panels tsis tsim cov khoom pov tseg uas zoo ib yam li ntim cov khib nyiab lossis cov khoom siv nrog lub neej luv luv.Yog li ntawd, lo lus nug tseem ceeb yog kev lag luam: leej twg yuav nqis peev rau hauv txoj kab kev kho mob uas tsis muaj lub tswv yim thaum twg cov khib nyiab yuav tuaj txog?
Nyias-film panels koom nrog cov txheej txheem kho mob, uas yuav tsum muaj qee cov kauj ruam ntxiv kom rov qab tau cov hlau 'cadmium telluride' ib puag ncig zoo.Txawm hais tias qhov kev xaiv tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam, cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias nyias muaj cov khoom siv tau zoo dua, nyob hauv ib lub semiconductor thinner, txuag tus nqi thiab carbon thaum tsim khoom.Cov vaj huam sib luag no ua tau zoo dua hauv lub teeb qis thiab ntawm 'hnyav' cov ces kaum, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov chaw ntsug thiab facades.
Yuav kom rov qab tau cov ntaub ntawv, nyias zaj duab xis PV panels yog shredded kom tshem tawm cov lamination, ua ntej cov khoom thiab kua shards yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug tig ntsia hlau.Tom qab ntawd cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv cov kua qaub thiab peroxide, tom qab ntawd tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv interlayer nrog kev co, thaum lub iav thiab hlau seem yog sib cais thiab rov qab los.
Solar vaj huam sib luag recycling ntawm scale
Txawm hais tias tam sim no cov phiaj xwm rov ua dua tshiab tau loj hlob tsis tu ncua, tam sim no tsuas yog 80 mus rau 95 feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv hnub ci vaj huam sib luag uas ua rau nws rov ua dua tshiab.Txhawm rau ua kom tau qhov no, lub tuam txhab tswj kev pov tseg Veolia yog tus thawj coj ua ib txoj haujlwm los nqa tag nrho lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag rov ua dua tshiab ntawm kev lag luam, hauv ib txoj haujlwm tsis tu ncua los ntawm EIT RawMaterials.ReProSolar tab tom tsim cov txheej txheem ua tau zoo rau kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm lub neej kawg, tso cai rau tag nrho cov khoom siv silicon-based PV modules kom rov qab tau.
Siv thev naus laus zis delamination los cais lub hnub ci ntawm lub iav phaj, cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg rov qab tau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, suav nrog cov nyiaj ntshiab thiab silicon, yam tsis tau rhuav tshem PV modules.
Hauv kev koom tes nrog FLAXRES GmbH thiab ROSI Hnub Ci, obtechnology tuam txhab uas muaguas tab tom tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab kom rov qab tau cov ntaub ntawv raw los ntawm PV panels, qhov project yuav kuaj qhov ua tau ntawm kev lag luam nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo, nrog 5,000 tonnes ntawm decommissioned PV modules yuav tsum tau ua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv ib tug ua qauv qhia cog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv 2024.
Kev lag luam ua tiav cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ua tau raws li qhov kev sib tw ua lag luam tam sim no, nqa cov khoom muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv PV vaj huam sib luag kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov vaj huam sib luag thiab tuav cov ntim ntim ntawm lub hnub ci pov tseg.
Kev lag luam loj hlob tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev rov ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm PV vaj huam sib luag raws li qhov xav tau swells.Silver, piv txwv li, thaum suav txog 0.05 feem pua ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnyav, ua rau 14 feem pua ntawm nws cov nqi lag luam.Lwm cov hlau tseem ceeb thiab rov qab tau muaj xws li txhuas, tooj liab, thiab tellurium.Raws li Rystad Zog, thaum cov ntaub ntawv rov qab los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub neej PV vaj huam sib luag tam sim no muaj nqis txog $ 170 lab, lawv tau tsim kom muaj nqis tshaj $ 2.7 nphom hauv xyoo 2030.
Redesigning hnub ci vaj huam sib luag
Ntxiv nrog rau kev tsim kho tshiab hauv ntiaj teb ntawm kev siv lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, kev tsim cov vaj huam sib luag kuj tseem raug rov ua dua tshiab nrog rov siv dua hauv siab.Lub Koom Haum Netherlands rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb (TNO) tau tshaj tawm lawv cov tshiab-tsim 'Design for Recycling' (D4R) hnub ci vaj huam sib luag nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021, tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim siab kawg ntawm lub neej.Cov panels, nrog rau kev sim 30-xyoo lifespan, yog tsim los yooj yim disassembly yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Cov panels, encapsulated nrog ib daim ntawv nplaum, tuav ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke rau kev sib cais ntawm cov hlwb thiab thav ntawv.Cov txheej txheem yog qis-zog thiab tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom.
Kev tshawb fawb yog nyob ntawm ob txoj haujlwm, thawj zaug yog DEREC qhov project, uas tau tsim thiab sim D4R vaj huam sib luag ntawm qhov me me kom ntseeg tau tias lawv huv si dismantling tom qab simulated kev pab cuam lub neej.Txoj haujlwm PARSEC yuav tom qab ntawd ntsuas cov thev naus laus zis kom puv loj D4R vaj huam sib luag rau kev lag luam thiab siv nyob hauv tsev.
Thaum nws yog panelstsimze li ntawm 30 xyoo dhau los uas ua rau muaj kev sib tw tam sim no rau cov neeg siv khoom siv dua tshiab, D4R panels tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau kev rov ua dua vaj huam sib luag los tsav kev lag luam mus tom ntej.Thiab, ntxiv rau cov vaj huam sib luag tshiab, lub koom haum tab tom tshawb nrhiav cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab rau cov qauv hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tam sim no, kom ua tiav cov khoom siv silicon ntshiab rau rov siv dua.
Hauv kev xaus
Ntxiv rau, cov kev tsim kho tshiab no qhia tau cog lus hauv lawv txoj kev tsom mus rau kev lag luam, txawm hais tias kev txhawj xeeb tseem nyob ntawm seb qhov ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua li cas, nrog rau ob qho tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv tsis raug thiab kev thov rau cov tshiab nce.Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias kev lag luam kev lag luam mus zoo, thiab yog tias npaj yuav tsim cov vaj huam sib luag los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo tuaj yeem xa tuaj, kev lag luam hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tab tom saib kev lag luam zoo.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-11-2023